import hashlib
import logging
from datetime import datetime
from django.db.backends.ddl_references import (
Columns, ForeignKeyName, IndexName, Statement, Table,
)
from django.db.backends.utils import split_identifier
from django.db.models import Index
from django.db.transaction import TransactionManagementError, atomic
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
logger = logging.getLogger('django.db.backends.schema')
def _is_relevant_relation(relation, altered_field):
"""
When altering the given field, must constraints on its model from the given
relation be temporarily dropped?
"""
field = relation.field
if field.many_to_many:
# M2M reverse field
return False
if altered_field.primary_key and field.to_fields == [None]:
# Foreign key constraint on the primary key, which is being altered.
return True
# Is the constraint targeting the field being altered?
return altered_field.name in field.to_fields
def _related_non_m2m_objects(old_field, new_field):
# Filter out m2m objects from reverse relations.
# Return (old_relation, new_relation) tuples.
return zip(
(obj for obj in old_field.model._meta.related_objects if _is_relevant_relation(obj, old_field)),
(obj for obj in new_field.model._meta.related_objects if _is_relevant_relation(obj, new_field))
)
class BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor:
"""
This class and its subclasses are responsible for emitting schema-changing
statements to the databases - model creation/removal/alteration, field
renaming, index fiddling, and so on.
"""
# Overrideable SQL templates
sql_create_table = "CREATE TABLE %(table)s (%(definition)s)"
sql_rename_table = "ALTER TABLE %(old_table)s RENAME TO %(new_table)s"
sql_retablespace_table = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s SET TABLESPACE %(new_tablespace)s"
sql_delete_table = "DROP TABLE %(table)s CASCADE"
sql_create_column = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s ADD COLUMN %(column)s %(definition)s"
sql_alter_column = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s %(changes)s"
sql_alter_column_type = "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s TYPE %(type)s"
sql_alter_column_null = "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s DROP NOT NULL"
sql_alter_column_not_null = "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s SET NOT NULL"
sql_alter_column_default = "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s SET DEFAULT %(default)s"
sql_alter_column_no_default = "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s DROP DEFAULT"
sql_delete_column = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s DROP COLUMN %(column)s CASCADE"
sql_rename_column = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s RENAME COLUMN %(old_column)s TO %(new_column)s"
sql_update_with_default = "UPDATE %(table)s SET %(column)s = %(default)s WHERE %(column)s IS NULL"
sql_create_check = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s ADD CONSTRAINT %(name)s CHECK (%(check)s)"
sql_delete_check = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s DROP CONSTRAINT %(name)s"
sql_create_unique = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s ADD CONSTRAINT %(name)s UNIQUE (%(columns)s)"
sql_delete_unique = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s DROP CONSTRAINT %(name)s"
sql_create_fk = (
"ALTER TABLE %(table)s ADD CONSTRAINT %(name)s FOREIGN KEY (%(column)s) "
"REFERENCES %(to_table)s (%(to_column)s)%(deferrable)s"
)
sql_create_inline_fk = None
sql_delete_fk = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s DROP CONSTRAINT %(name)s"
sql_create_index = "CREATE INDEX %(name)s ON %(table)s (%(columns)s)%(extra)s"
sql_delete_index = "DROP INDEX %(name)s"
sql_create_pk = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s ADD CONSTRAINT %(name)s PRIMARY KEY (%(columns)s)"
sql_delete_pk = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s DROP CONSTRAINT %(name)s"
sql_delete_procedure = 'DROP PROCEDURE %(procedure)s'
def __init__(self, connection, collect_sql=False, atomic=True):
self.connection = connection
self.collect_sql = collect_sql
if self.collect_sql:
self.collected_sql = []
self.atomic_migration = self.connection.features.can_rollback_ddl and atomic
# State-managing methods
def __enter__(self):
self.deferred_sql = []
if self.atomic_migration:
self.atomic = atomic(self.connection.alias)
self.atomic.__enter__()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
if exc_type is None:
for sql in self.deferred_sql:
self.execute(sql)
if self.atomic_migration:
self.atomic.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
# Core utility functions
def execute(self, sql, params=()):
"""Execute the given SQL statement, with optional parameters."""
# Don't perform the transactional DDL check if SQL is being collected
# as it's not going to be executed anyway.
if not self.collect_sql and self.connection.in_atomic_block and not self.connection.features.can_rollback_ddl:
raise TransactionManagementError(
"Executing DDL statements while in a transaction on databases "
"that can't perform a rollback is prohibited."
)
# Account for non-string statement objects.
sql = str(sql)
# Log the command we're running, then run it
logger.debug("%s; (params %r)", sql, params, extra={'params': params, 'sql': sql})
if self.collect_sql:
ending = "" if sql.endswith(";") else ";"
if params is not None:
self.collected_sql.append((sql % tuple(map(self.quote_value, params))) + ending)
else:
self.collected_sql.append(sql + ending)
else:
with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(sql, params)
def quote_name(self, name):
return self.connection.ops.quote_name(name)
@classmethod
def _digest(cls, *args):
"""
Generate a 32-bit digest of a set of arguments that can be used to
shorten identifying names.
"""
h = hashlib.md5()
for arg in args:
h.update(force_bytes(arg))
return h.hexdigest()[:8]
# Field <-> database mapping functions
def column_sql(self, model, field, include_default=False):
"""
Take a field and return its column definition.
The field must already have had set_attributes_from_name() called.
"""
# Get the column's type and use that as the basis of the SQL
db_params = field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
sql = db_params['type']
params = []
# Check for fields that aren't actually columns (e.g. M2M)
if sql is None:
return None, None
# Work out nullability
null = field.null
# If we were told to include a default value, do so
include_default = include_default and not self.skip_default(field)
if include_default:
default_value = self.effective_default(field)
if default_value is not None:
if self.connection.features.requires_literal_defaults:
# Some databases can't take defaults as a parameter (oracle)
# If this is the case, the individual schema backend should
# implement prepare_default
sql += " DEFAULT %s" % self.prepare_default(default_value)
else:
sql += " DEFAULT %s"
params += [default_value]
# Oracle treats the empty string ('') as null, so coerce the null
# option whenever '' is a possible value.
if (field.empty_strings_allowed and not field.primary_key and
self.connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls):
null = True
if null and not self.connection.features.implied_column_null:
sql += " NULL"
elif not null:
sql += " NOT NULL"
# Primary key/unique outputs
if field.primary_key:
sql += " PRIMARY KEY"
elif field.unique:
sql += " UNIQUE"
# Optionally add the tablespace if it's an implicitly indexed column
tablespace = field.db_tablespace or model._meta.db_tablespace
if tablespace and self.connection.features.supports_tablespaces and field.unique:
sql += " %s" % self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(tablespace, inline=True)
# Return the sql
return sql, params
def skip_default(self, field):
"""
Some backends don't accept default values for certain columns types
(i.e. MySQL longtext and longblob).
"""
return False
def prepare_default(self, value):
"""
Only used for backends which have requires_literal_defaults feature
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
'subclasses of BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor for backends which have '
'requires_literal_defaults must provide a prepare_default() method'
)
def effective_default(self, field):
"""Return a field's effective database default value."""
if field.has_default():
default = field.get_default()
elif not field.null and field.blank and field.empty_strings_allowed:
if field.get_internal_type() == "BinaryField":
default = bytes()
else:
default = str()
elif getattr(field, 'auto_now', False) or getattr(field, 'auto_now_add', False):
default = datetime.now()
internal_type = field.get_internal_type()
if internal_type == 'DateField':
default = default.date
elif internal_type == 'TimeField':
default = default.time
elif internal_type == 'DateTimeField':
default = timezone.now
else:
default = None
# If it's a callable, call it
if callable(default):
default = default()
# Convert the value so it can be sent to the database.
return field.get_db_prep_save(default, self.connection)
def quote_value(self, value):
"""
Return a quoted version of the value so it's safe to use in an SQL
string. This is not safe against injection from user code; it is
intended only for use in making SQL scripts or preparing default values
for particularly tricky backends (defaults are not user-defined, though,
so this is safe).
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
# Actions
def create_model(self, model):
"""
Create a table and any accompanying indexes or unique constraints for
the given `model`.
"""
# Create column SQL, add FK deferreds if needed
column_sqls = []
params = []
for field in model._meta.local_fields:
# SQL
definition, extra_params = self.column_sql(model, field)
if definition is None:
continue
# Check constraints can go on the column SQL here
db_params = field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
if db_params['check']:
definition += " CHECK (%s)" % db_params['check']
# Autoincrement SQL (for backends with inline variant)
col_type_suffix = field.db_type_suffix(connection=self.connection)
if col_type_suffix:
definition += " %s" % col_type_suffix
params.extend(extra_params)
# FK
if field.remote_field and field.db_constraint:
to_table = field.remote_field.model._meta.db_table
to_column = field.remote_field.model._meta.get_field(field.remote_field.field_name).column
if self.sql_create_inline_fk:
definition += " " + self.sql_create_inline_fk % {
"to_table": self.quote_name(to_table),
"to_column": self.quote_name(to_column),
}
elif self.connection.features.supports_foreign_keys:
self.deferred_sql.append(self._create_fk_sql(model, field, "_fk_%(to_table)s_%(to_column)s"))
# Add the SQL to our big list
column_sqls.append("%s %s" % (
self.quote_name(field.column),
definition,
))
# Autoincrement SQL (for backends with post table definition variant)
if field.get_internal_type() in ("AutoField", "BigAutoField"):
autoinc_sql = self.connection.ops.autoinc_sql(model._meta.db_table, field.column)
if autoinc_sql:
self.deferred_sql.extend(autoinc_sql)
# Add any unique_togethers (always deferred, as some fields might be
# created afterwards, like geometry fields with some backends)
for fields in model._meta.unique_together:
columns = [model._meta.get_field(field).column for field in fields]
self.deferred_sql.append(self._create_unique_sql(model, columns))
# Make the table
sql = self.sql_create_table % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"definition": ", ".join(column_sqls)
}
if model._meta.db_tablespace:
tablespace_sql = self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(model._meta.db_tablespace)
if tablespace_sql:
sql += ' ' + tablespace_sql
# Prevent using [] as params, in the case a literal '%' is used in the definition
self.execute(sql, params or None)
# Add any field index and index_together's (deferred as SQLite3 _remake_table needs it)
self.deferred_sql.extend(self._model_indexes_sql(model))
# Make M2M tables
for field in model._meta.local_many_to_many:
if field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created:
self.create_model(field.remote_field.through)
def delete_model(self, model):
"""Delete a model from the database."""
# Handle auto-created intermediary models
for field in model._meta.local_many_to_many:
if field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created:
self.delete_model(field.remote_field.through)
# Delete the table
self.execute(self.sql_delete_table % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
})
# Remove all deferred statements referencing the deleted table.
for sql in list(self.deferred_sql):
if isinstance(sql, Statement) and sql.references_table(model._meta.db_table):
self.deferred_sql.remove(sql)
def add_index(self, model, index):
"""Add an index on a model."""
self.execute(index.create_sql(model, self))
def remove_index(self, model, index):
"""Remove an index from a model."""
self.execute(index.remove_sql(model, self))
def alter_unique_together(self, model, old_unique_together, new_unique_together):
"""
Deal with a model changing its unique_together. The input
unique_togethers must be doubly-nested, not the single-nested
["foo", "bar"] format.
"""
olds = {tuple(fields) for fields in old_unique_together}
news = {tuple(fields) for fields in new_unique_together}
# Deleted uniques
for fields in olds.difference(news):
self._delete_composed_index(model, fields, {'unique': True}, self.sql_delete_unique)
# Created uniques
for fields in news.difference(olds):
columns = [model._meta.get_field(field).column for field in fields]
self.execute(self._create_unique_sql(model, columns))
def alter_index_together(self, model, old_index_together, new_index_together):
"""
Deal with a model changing its index_together. The input
index_togethers must be doubly-nested, not the single-nested
["foo", "bar"] format.
"""
olds = {tuple(fields) for fields in old_index_together}
news = {tuple(fields) for fields in new_index_together}
# Deleted indexes
for fields in olds.difference(news):
self._delete_composed_index(model, fields, {'index': True}, self.sql_delete_index)
# Created indexes
for field_names in news.difference(olds):
fields = [model._meta.get_field(field) for field in field_names]
self.execute(self._create_index_sql(model, fields, suffix="_idx"))
def _delete_composed_index(self, model, fields, constraint_kwargs, sql):
columns = [model._meta.get_field(field).column for field in fields]
constraint_names = self._constraint_names(model, columns, **constraint_kwargs)
if len(constraint_names) != 1:
raise ValueError("Found wrong number (%s) of constraints for %s(%s)" % (
len(constraint_names),
model._meta.db_table,
", ".join(columns),
))
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(sql, model, constraint_names[0]))
def alter_db_table(self, model, old_db_table, new_db_table):
"""Rename the table a model points to."""
if (old_db_table == new_db_table or
(self.connection.features.ignores_table_name_case and
old_db_table.lower() == new_db_table.lower())):
return
self.execute(self.sql_rename_table % {
"old_table": self.quote_name(old_db_table),
"new_table": self.quote_name(new_db_table),
})
# Rename all references to the old table name.
for sql in self.deferred_sql:
if isinstance(sql, Statement):
sql.rename_table_references(old_db_table, new_db_table)
def alter_db_tablespace(self, model, old_db_tablespace, new_db_tablespace):
"""Move a model's table between tablespaces."""
self.execute(self.sql_retablespace_table % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"old_tablespace": self.quote_name(old_db_tablespace),
"new_tablespace": self.quote_name(new_db_tablespace),
})
def add_field(self, model, field):
"""
Create a field on a model. Usually involves adding a column, but may
involve adding a table instead (for M2M fields).
"""
# Special-case implicit M2M tables
if field.many_to_many and field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created:
return self.create_model(field.remote_field.through)
# Get the column's definition
definition, params = self.column_sql(model, field, include_default=True)
# It might not actually have a column behind it
if definition is None:
return
# Check constraints can go on the column SQL here
db_params = field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
if db_params['check']:
definition += " CHECK (%s)" % db_params['check']
# Build the SQL and run it
sql = self.sql_create_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"column": self.quote_name(field.column),
"definition": definition,
}
self.execute(sql, params)
# Drop the default if we need to
# (Django usually does not use in-database defaults)
if not self.skip_default(field) and self.effective_default(field) is not None:
changes_sql, params = self._alter_column_default_sql(model, None, field, drop=True)
sql = self.sql_alter_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"changes": changes_sql,
}
self.execute(sql, params)
# Add an index, if required
self.deferred_sql.extend(self._field_indexes_sql(model, field))
# Add any FK constraints later
if field.remote_field and self.connection.features.supports_foreign_keys and field.db_constraint:
self.deferred_sql.append(self._create_fk_sql(model, field, "_fk_%(to_table)s_%(to_column)s"))
# Reset connection if required
if self.connection.features.connection_persists_old_columns:
self.connection.close()
def remove_field(self, model, field):
"""
Remove a field from a model. Usually involves deleting a column,
but for M2Ms may involve deleting a table.
"""
# Special-case implicit M2M tables
if field.many_to_many and field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created:
return self.delete_model(field.remote_field.through)
# It might not actually have a column behind it
if field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)['type'] is None:
return
# Drop any FK constraints, MySQL requires explicit deletion
if field.remote_field:
fk_names = self._constraint_names(model, [field.column], foreign_key=True)
for fk_name in fk_names:
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(self.sql_delete_fk, model, fk_name))
# Delete the column
sql = self.sql_delete_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"column": self.quote_name(field.column),
}
self.execute(sql)
# Reset connection if required
if self.connection.features.connection_persists_old_columns:
self.connection.close()
# Remove all deferred statements referencing the deleted column.
for sql in list(self.deferred_sql):
if isinstance(sql, Statement) and sql.references_column(model._meta.db_table, field.column):
self.deferred_sql.remove(sql)
def alter_field(self, model, old_field, new_field, strict=False):
"""
Allow a field's type, uniqueness, nullability, default, column,
constraints, etc. to be modified.
`old_field` is required to compute the necessary changes.
If `strict` is True, raise errors if the old column does not match
`old_field` precisely.
"""
# Ensure this field is even column-based
old_db_params = old_field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
old_type = old_db_params['type']
new_db_params = new_field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
new_type = new_db_params['type']
if ((old_type is None and old_field.remote_field is None) or
(new_type is None and new_field.remote_field is None)):
raise ValueError(
"Cannot alter field %s into %s - they do not properly define "
"db_type (are you using a badly-written custom field?)" %
(old_field, new_field),
)
elif old_type is None and new_type is None and (
old_field.remote_field.through and new_field.remote_field.through and
old_field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created and
new_field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created):
return self._alter_many_to_many(model, old_field, new_field, strict)
elif old_type is None and new_type is None and (
old_field.remote_field.through and new_field.remote_field.through and
not old_field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created and
not new_field.remote_field.through._meta.auto_created):
# Both sides have through models; this is a no-op.
return
elif old_type is None or new_type is None:
raise ValueError(
"Cannot alter field %s into %s - they are not compatible types "
"(you cannot alter to or from M2M fields, or add or remove "
"through= on M2M fields)" % (old_field, new_field)
)
self._alter_field(model, old_field, new_field, old_type, new_type,
old_db_params, new_db_params, strict)
def _alter_field(self, model, old_field, new_field, old_type, new_type,
old_db_params, new_db_params, strict=False):
"""Perform a "physical" (non-ManyToMany) field update."""
# Drop any FK constraints, we'll remake them later
fks_dropped = set()
if old_field.remote_field and old_field.db_constraint:
fk_names = self._constraint_names(model, [old_field.column], foreign_key=True)
if strict and len(fk_names) != 1:
raise ValueError("Found wrong number (%s) of foreign key constraints for %s.%s" % (
len(fk_names),
model._meta.db_table,
old_field.column,
))
for fk_name in fk_names:
fks_dropped.add((old_field.column,))
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(self.sql_delete_fk, model, fk_name))
# Has unique been removed?
if old_field.unique and (not new_field.unique or self._field_became_primary_key(old_field, new_field)):
# Find the unique constraint for this field
constraint_names = self._constraint_names(model, [old_field.column], unique=True, primary_key=False)
if strict and len(constraint_names) != 1:
raise ValueError("Found wrong number (%s) of unique constraints for %s.%s" % (
len(constraint_names),
model._meta.db_table,
old_field.column,
))
for constraint_name in constraint_names:
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(self.sql_delete_unique, model, constraint_name))
# Drop incoming FK constraints if the field is a primary key or unique,
# which might be a to_field target, and things are going to change.
drop_foreign_keys = (
(
(old_field.primary_key and new_field.primary_key) or
(old_field.unique and new_field.unique)
) and old_type != new_type
)
if drop_foreign_keys:
# '_meta.related_field' also contains M2M reverse fields, these
# will be filtered out
for _old_rel, new_rel in _related_non_m2m_objects(old_field, new_field):
rel_fk_names = self._constraint_names(
new_rel.related_model, [new_rel.field.column], foreign_key=True
)
for fk_name in rel_fk_names:
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(self.sql_delete_fk, new_rel.related_model, fk_name))
# Removed an index? (no strict check, as multiple indexes are possible)
# Remove indexes if db_index switched to False or a unique constraint
# will now be used in lieu of an index. The following lines from the
# truth table show all True cases; the rest are False:
#
# old_field.db_index | old_field.unique | new_field.db_index | new_field.unique
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# True | False | False | False
# True | False | False | True
# True | False | True | True
if old_field.db_index and not old_field.unique and (not new_field.db_index or new_field.unique):
# Find the index for this field
meta_index_names = {index.name for index in model._meta.indexes}
# Retrieve only BTREE indexes since this is what's created with
# db_index=True.
index_names = self._constraint_names(model, [old_field.column], index=True, type_=Index.suffix)
for index_name in index_names:
if index_name not in meta_index_names:
# The only way to check if an index was created with
# db_index=True or with Index(['field'], name='foo')
# is to look at its name (refs #28053).
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(self.sql_delete_index, model, index_name))
# Change check constraints?
if old_db_params['check'] != new_db_params['check'] and old_db_params['check']:
constraint_names = self._constraint_names(model, [old_field.column], check=True)
if strict and len(constraint_names) != 1:
raise ValueError("Found wrong number (%s) of check constraints for %s.%s" % (
len(constraint_names),
model._meta.db_table,
old_field.column,
))
for constraint_name in constraint_names:
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(self.sql_delete_check, model, constraint_name))
# Have they renamed the column?
if old_field.column != new_field.column:
self.execute(self._rename_field_sql(model._meta.db_table, old_field, new_field, new_type))
# Rename all references to the renamed column.
for sql in self.deferred_sql:
if isinstance(sql, Statement):
sql.rename_column_references(model._meta.db_table, old_field.column, new_field.column)
# Next, start accumulating actions to do
actions = []
null_actions = []
post_actions = []
# Type change?
if old_type != new_type:
fragment, other_actions = self._alter_column_type_sql(model, old_field, new_field, new_type)
actions.append(fragment)
post_actions.extend(other_actions)
# When changing a column NULL constraint to NOT NULL with a given
# default value, we need to perform 4 steps:
# 1. Add a default for new incoming writes
# 2. Update existing NULL rows with new default
# 3. Replace NULL constraint with NOT NULL
# 4. Drop the default again.
# Default change?
old_default = self.effective_default(old_field)
new_default = self.effective_default(new_field)
needs_database_default = (
old_field.null and
not new_field.null and
old_default != new_default and
new_default is not None and
not self.skip_default(new_field)
)
if needs_database_default:
actions.append(self._alter_column_default_sql(model, old_field, new_field))
# Nullability change?
if old_field.null != new_field.null:
fragment = self._alter_column_null_sql(model, old_field, new_field)
if fragment:
null_actions.append(fragment)
# Only if we have a default and there is a change from NULL to NOT NULL
four_way_default_alteration = (
new_field.has_default() and
(old_field.null and not new_field.null)
)
if actions or null_actions:
if not four_way_default_alteration:
# If we don't have to do a 4-way default alteration we can
# directly run a (NOT) NULL alteration
actions = actions + null_actions
# Combine actions together if we can (e.g. postgres)
if self.connection.features.supports_combined_alters and actions:
sql, params = tuple(zip(*actions))
actions = [(", ".join(sql), sum(params, []))]
# Apply those actions
for sql, params in actions:
self.execute(
self.sql_alter_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"changes": sql,
},
params,
)
if four_way_default_alteration:
# Update existing rows with default value
self.execute(
self.sql_update_with_default % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"column": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
"default": "%s",
},
[new_default],
)
# Since we didn't run a NOT NULL change before we need to do it
# now
for sql, params in null_actions:
self.execute(
self.sql_alter_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"changes": sql,
},
params,
)
if post_actions:
for sql, params in post_actions:
self.execute(sql, params)
# If primary_key changed to False, delete the primary key constraint.
if old_field.primary_key and not new_field.primary_key:
self._delete_primary_key(model, strict)
# Added a unique?
if self._unique_should_be_added(old_field, new_field):
self.execute(self._create_unique_sql(model, [new_field.column]))
# Added an index? Add an index if db_index switched to True or a unique
# constraint will no longer be used in lieu of an index. The following
# lines from the truth table show all True cases; the rest are False:
#
# old_field.db_index | old_field.unique | new_field.db_index | new_field.unique
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# False | False | True | False
# False | True | True | False
# True | True | True | False
if (not old_field.db_index or old_field.unique) and new_field.db_index and not new_field.unique:
self.execute(self._create_index_sql(model, [new_field]))
# Type alteration on primary key? Then we need to alter the column
# referring to us.
rels_to_update = []
if old_field.primary_key and new_field.primary_key and old_type != new_type:
rels_to_update.extend(_related_non_m2m_objects(old_field, new_field))
# Changed to become primary key?
if self._field_became_primary_key(old_field, new_field):
# Make the new one
self.execute(
self.sql_create_pk % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"name": self.quote_name(
self._create_index_name(model._meta.db_table, [new_field.column], suffix="_pk")
),
"columns": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
}
)
# Update all referencing columns
rels_to_update.extend(_related_non_m2m_objects(old_field, new_field))
# Handle our type alters on the other end of rels from the PK stuff above
for old_rel, new_rel in rels_to_update:
rel_db_params = new_rel.field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
rel_type = rel_db_params['type']
fragment, other_actions = self._alter_column_type_sql(
new_rel.related_model, old_rel.field, new_rel.field, rel_type
)
self.execute(
self.sql_alter_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(new_rel.related_model._meta.db_table),
"changes": fragment[0],
},
fragment[1],
)
for sql, params in other_actions:
self.execute(sql, params)
# Does it have a foreign key?
if (new_field.remote_field and
(fks_dropped or not old_field.remote_field or not old_field.db_constraint) and
new_field.db_constraint):
self.execute(self._create_fk_sql(model, new_field, "_fk_%(to_table)s_%(to_column)s"))
# Rebuild FKs that pointed to us if we previously had to drop them
if drop_foreign_keys:
for rel in new_field.model._meta.related_objects:
if _is_relevant_relation(rel, new_field) and rel.field.db_constraint:
self.execute(self._create_fk_sql(rel.related_model, rel.field, "_fk"))
# Does it have check constraints we need to add?
if old_db_params['check'] != new_db_params['check'] and new_db_params['check']:
self.execute(
self.sql_create_check % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"name": self.quote_name(
self._create_index_name(model._meta.db_table, [new_field.column], suffix="_check")
),
"column": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
"check": new_db_params['check'],
}
)
# Drop the default if we need to
# (Django usually does not use in-database defaults)
if needs_database_default:
changes_sql, params = self._alter_column_default_sql(model, old_field, new_field, drop=True)
sql = self.sql_alter_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"changes": changes_sql,
}
self.execute(sql, params)
# Reset connection if required
if self.connection.features.connection_persists_old_columns:
self.connection.close()
def _alter_column_null_sql(self, model, old_field, new_field):
"""
Hook to specialize column null alteration.
Return a (sql, params) fragment to set a column to null or non-null
as required by new_field, or None if no changes are required.
"""
if (self.connection.features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls and
new_field.get_internal_type() in ("CharField", "TextField")):
# The field is nullable in the database anyway, leave it alone.
return
else:
new_db_params = new_field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
sql = self.sql_alter_column_null if new_field.null else self.sql_alter_column_not_null
return (
sql % {
'column': self.quote_name(new_field.column),
'type': new_db_params['type'],
},
[],
)
def _alter_column_default_sql(self, model, old_field, new_field, drop=False):
"""
Hook to specialize column default alteration.
Return a (sql, params) fragment to add or drop (depending on the drop
argument) a default to new_field's column.
"""
new_default = self.effective_default(new_field)
default = '%s'
params = [new_default]
if drop:
params = []
elif self.connection.features.requires_literal_defaults:
# Some databases (Oracle) can't take defaults as a parameter
# If this is the case, the SchemaEditor for that database should
# implement prepare_default().
default = self.prepare_default(new_default)
params = []
new_db_params = new_field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
sql = self.sql_alter_column_no_default if drop else self.sql_alter_column_default
return (
sql % {
'column': self.quote_name(new_field.column),
'type': new_db_params['type'],
'default': default,
},
params,
)
def _alter_column_type_sql(self, model, old_field, new_field, new_type):
"""
Hook to specialize column type alteration for different backends,
for cases when a creation type is different to an alteration type
(e.g. SERIAL in PostgreSQL, PostGIS fields).
Return a two-tuple of: an SQL fragment of (sql, params) to insert into
an ALTER TABLE statement and a list of extra (sql, params) tuples to
run once the field is altered.
"""
return (
(
self.sql_alter_column_type % {
"column": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
"type": new_type,
},
[],
),
[],
)
def _alter_many_to_many(self, model, old_field, new_field, strict):
"""Alter M2Ms to repoint their to= endpoints."""
# Rename the through table
if old_field.remote_field.through._meta.db_table != new_field.remote_field.through._meta.db_table:
self.alter_db_table(old_field.remote_field.through, old_field.remote_field.through._meta.db_table,
new_field.remote_field.through._meta.db_table)
# Repoint the FK to the other side
self.alter_field(
new_field.remote_field.through,
# We need the field that points to the target model, so we can tell alter_field to change it -
# this is m2m_reverse_field_name() (as opposed to m2m_field_name, which points to our model)
old_field.remote_field.through._meta.get_field(old_field.m2m_reverse_field_name()),
new_field.remote_field.through._meta.get_field(new_field.m2m_reverse_field_name()),
)
self.alter_field(
new_field.remote_field.through,
# for self-referential models we need to alter field from the other end too
old_field.remote_field.through._meta.get_field(old_field.m2m_field_name()),
new_field.remote_field.through._meta.get_field(new_field.m2m_field_name()),
)
def _create_index_name(self, table_name, column_names, suffix=""):
"""
Generate a unique name for an index/unique constraint.
The name is divided into 3 parts: the table name, the column names,
and a unique digest and suffix.
"""
_, table_name = split_identifier(table_name)
hash_suffix_part = '%s%s' % (self._digest(table_name, *column_names), suffix)
max_length = self.connection.ops.max_name_length() or 200
# If everything fits into max_length, use that name.
index_name = '%s_%s_%s' % (table_name, '_'.join(column_names), hash_suffix_part)
if len(index_name) <= max_length:
return index_name
# Shorten a long suffix.
if len(hash_suffix_part) > max_length / 3:
hash_suffix_part = hash_suffix_part[:max_length // 3]
other_length = (max_length - len(hash_suffix_part)) // 2 - 1
index_name = '%s_%s_%s' % (
table_name[:other_length],
'_'.join(column_names)[:other_length],
hash_suffix_part,
)
# Prepend D if needed to prevent the name from starting with an
# underscore or a number (not permitted on Oracle).
if index_name[0] == "_" or index_name[0].isdigit():
index_name = "D%s" % index_name[:-1]
return index_name
def _get_index_tablespace_sql(self, model, fields, db_tablespace=None):
if db_tablespace is None:
if len(fields) == 1 and fields[0].db_tablespace:
db_tablespace = fields[0].db_tablespace
elif model._meta.db_tablespace:
db_tablespace = model._meta.db_tablespace
if db_tablespace is not None:
return ' ' + self.connection.ops.tablespace_sql(db_tablespace)
return ''
def _create_index_sql(self, model, fields, *, name=None, suffix='', using='',
db_tablespace=None, col_suffixes=(), sql=None):
"""
Return the SQL statement to create the index for one or several fields.
`sql` can be specified if the syntax differs from the standard (GIS
indexes, ...).
"""
tablespace_sql = self._get_index_tablespace_sql(model, fields, db_tablespace=db_tablespace)
columns = [field.column for field in fields]
sql_create_index = sql or self.sql_create_index
table = model._meta.db_table
def create_index_name(*args, **kwargs):
nonlocal name
if name is None:
name = self._create_index_name(*args, **kwargs)
return self.quote_name(name)
return Statement(
sql_create_index,
table=Table(table, self.quote_name),
name=IndexName(table, columns, suffix, create_index_name),
using=using,
columns=Columns(table, columns, self.quote_name, col_suffixes=col_suffixes),
extra=tablespace_sql,
)
def _model_indexes_sql(self, model):
"""
Return a list of all index SQL statements (field indexes,
index_together, Meta.indexes) for the specified model.
"""
if not model._meta.managed or model._meta.proxy or model._meta.swapped:
return []
output = []
for field in model._meta.local_fields:
output.extend(self._field_indexes_sql(model, field))
for field_names in model._meta.index_together:
fields = [model._meta.get_field(field) for field in field_names]
output.append(self._create_index_sql(model, fields, suffix="_idx"))
for index in model._meta.indexes:
output.append(index.create_sql(model, self))
return output
def _field_indexes_sql(self, model, field):
"""
Return a list of all index SQL statements for the specified field.
"""
output = []
if self._field_should_be_indexed(model, field):
output.append(self._create_index_sql(model, [field]))
return output
def _field_should_be_indexed(self, model, field):
return field.db_index and not field.unique
def _field_became_primary_key(self, old_field, new_field):
return not old_field.primary_key and new_field.primary_key
def _unique_should_be_added(self, old_field, new_field):
return (not old_field.unique and new_field.unique) or (
old_field.primary_key and not new_field.primary_key and new_field.unique
)
def _rename_field_sql(self, table, old_field, new_field, new_type):
return self.sql_rename_column % {
"table": self.quote_name(table),
"old_column": self.quote_name(old_field.column),
"new_column": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
"type": new_type,
}
def _create_fk_sql(self, model, field, suffix):
from_table = model._meta.db_table
from_column = field.column
_, to_table = split_identifier(field.target_field.model._meta.db_table)
to_column = field.target_field.column
def create_fk_name(*args, **kwargs):
return self.quote_name(self._create_index_name(*args, **kwargs))
return Statement(
self.sql_create_fk,
table=Table(from_table, self.quote_name),
name=ForeignKeyName(from_table, [from_column], to_table, [to_column], suffix, create_fk_name),
column=Columns(from_table, [from_column], self.quote_name),
to_table=Table(field.target_field.model._meta.db_table, self.quote_name),
to_column=Columns(field.target_field.model._meta.db_table, [to_column], self.quote_name),
deferrable=self.connection.ops.deferrable_sql(),
)
def _create_unique_sql(self, model, columns):
table = model._meta.db_table
return Statement(
self.sql_create_unique,
table=Table(table, self.quote_name),
name=IndexName(table, columns, '_uniq', self._create_index_name),
columns=Columns(table, columns, self.quote_name),
)
def _delete_constraint_sql(self, template, model, name):
return template % {
"table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
"name": self.quote_name(name),
}
def _constraint_names(self, model, column_names=None, unique=None,
primary_key=None, index=None, foreign_key=None,
check=None, type_=None):
"""Return all constraint names matching the columns and conditions."""
if column_names is not None:
column_names = [
self.connection.introspection.column_name_converter(name)
for name in column_names
]
with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
constraints = self.connection.introspection.get_constraints(cursor, model._meta.db_table)
result = []
for name, infodict in constraints.items():
if column_names is None or column_names == infodict['columns']:
if unique is not None and infodict['unique'] != unique:
continue
if primary_key is not None and infodict['primary_key'] != primary_key:
continue
if index is not None and infodict['index'] != index:
continue
if check is not None and infodict['check'] != check:
continue
if foreign_key is not None and not infodict['foreign_key']:
continue
if type_ is not None and infodict['type'] != type_:
continue
result.append(name)
return result
def _delete_primary_key(self, model, strict=False):
constraint_names = self._constraint_names(model, primary_key=True)
if strict and len(constraint_names) != 1:
raise ValueError('Found wrong number (%s) of PK constraints for %s' % (
len(constraint_names),
model._meta.db_table,
))
for constraint_name in constraint_names:
self.execute(self._delete_constraint_sql(self.sql_delete_pk, model, constraint_name))
def remove_procedure(self, procedure_name, param_types=()):
sql = self.sql_delete_procedure % {
'procedure': self.quote_name(procedure_name),
'param_types': ','.join(param_types),
}
self.execute(sql)